Period+6+-+Exxon-Valdez

**__ Exxon Valdez __**
 * Birds Eye View of Oil Spill of the Aftermath**
 * On March 24th, 1989 the oil tanker //Exxon Valdez,// headed from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California struck a reef in the Prince
 * William Sound because the captain was trying to avoid ice, heading away from normal shipping lanes.
 * Within six hours 10.9 million gallons of crude oil seeped into the water, stretching 340 miles to the southwest.
 * The initial clean up took three years and estimated a total cost of 2.1 billion dollars, along with settlement charges comming to grand total of **958,500,000** dollars and was paid over 10 years on a signed agreement.

**Shot taken from helicopter over the Valdez**  Causes
 * The cause of the incident was investigated by the National Transportation Saftey Board, which identified the four factors as contributing to the grounding of the vessel.
 * The third mate failed to properly maneuver the vessel, possibly due to fatigue and excessive workload.
 * The master failed to provide navigation watch, possibly due to impairment under the influence of alcohol
 * Exxon Shipping company failed to supervise the master and provide rested and sufficient crew for the Exxon Valdez
 * The USCG failed to provide an effective vessel traffic system

**Area Oil Covered**

In response to the oil spill, the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA). The legislation included a clause that prohibits any vessels that caused an oil spill of over 1 million gallons from operating in Prince William Sound. The Exxon Valdez was towed to San Diego for repairs. In June 1990, the Exxon Valdez was renamed to S/R Mediterranean, and left harbor after $30 million of repairs.
 * __ The Aftermath  __**
 * __Websites__**
 * http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/oil/default.htm
 * http://www.eoearth.org/article/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill
 * http://www.adn.com/evos/evos.html


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